Achichepere Amakono Chithunzi cha Padziko Lonse

ZITHUNZI zolembedwa zofala zimasonyeza achichepere kukhala ogalukira omwerekera ndi mankhwala ogodomalitsa, opanda nzeru, odzikonda ndi alesi, omwe samaganizira za chirichonse kupatulapo kuvala, TV, ndi kugonana. Komabe, kwa ambiri, malingaliro oipa a achicheperewa amalingaliridwa kukhala ongopeka.

Kufufuza kochitiridwa lipoti mu Psychology Today kunapeza kuti ‘pafupifupi atatu mwa anayi a ofufuzidwawo anapezedwa kukhala osinthidwa bwino. Mwachisawawa iwo anali achimwemwe, odziletsa, osamalira ena, odera nkhaŵa machitachita awo achilendo.’ Kutalitali nkukhala otalikirana ndi makolo awo, achichepere ambiri anapezedwa kukhala “ononomera thithithi ku mikhalidwe yabwino yokomera mabanja awo.”

Kufufuza kwina kukuvumbula kuti ziyembekezo zambiri, zokhumbira, ndi mantha a achichepere a lerolino mofananamo zimasonyeza kusapenga, kulama maganizo. Mu 1985 Unesco Courier inafunsa achichepere m’maiko 41 motere: “Kodi vuto lodetsa nkhaŵa mokulira kwa achichepere onse lerolino ndiliti?” Iwo analandira mayankho olingalirika onga ngati “mavuto ankhondo ndi mtendere” (50 peresenti), “ulova ndi kusoŵa ntchito” (30 peresenti), ndi “mtsogolo” (10 peresenti).

Ngakhale titasintha nkhaniyi ndikulingalira zokhumba za munthu mwini, kachiŵirinso achichepere modabwitsa amafuna zinthu kuŵayendera bwino. Pambuyo pa kufunsafunsa “gulu loimira amuna ndi akazi achichepere m’dzikolo [U.S.] a zaka khumi ndi zinayi kufika ku makumi aŵiri ndi chimodzi zakubadwa,” magazine a Seventeen anauza aŵerengi ake achichepere kuti: “Kuposa chinthu china chirichonse, inu mumafuna kukwatira ndi kukhala ndi banja. Chinthu chachiŵiri chimene mumachifuna ndicho ntchito kapena ukatswiri. Inu mumafuna kukundika ndalama. Ndiponso, mumadetsedwa nkhaŵa ndi ndalama, ndi maphunziro. Koma oposa 60 peresenti a inu simumakhulupirira kuti mavuto adziko ngaakulu kwambiri kwakuti mbadwo wanu nkulephera kuchita zinthu bwinopo.”

Pamenepo, polingalira nsongazi, achichepere padziko lonse amafuna zinthu zonzija zimene achikulire awo amazifunafuna: chimwemwe, chisungiko, mabanja ogwirizana. Iwo ngodera nkhaŵa ponena za dziko limene akukhalamo ndipo mowona mtima amafuna kuliwongolera. Komabe, pali mbali yomvetsa chisoni ya chithunzichi.

Achichepere Achisoni ndi Odziwononga

Kufufuza kotchulidwako kunafotokoza kutumba komvetsa chisoni uku: “Mmodzi mwa achichepere anayi oyesedwa anati iwo kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala achisoni ndi osungulumwa ndipo amadzimva othedwa nzeru, limodzinso ndikulakidwa ndi mavuto amoyo. Oŵerengeka anavomerezadi kukhala ndi malingaliro ndi zikhumbo za kudzipha.” M’maiko ena achichepere amachitatu zoposa kuganiza wambaku. Chiŵerengero cha kudzipha pakati pa achichepere akulu msinkhu mu United States kwenikweni chinawirikiza kaŵiri m’zaka 20 zapitazo!a

Nakatande wina wochititsa kuda nkhaŵa kwakukulu ndikuwonjezeka kwa padziko lonse kwa kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa mankhwala ogodomalitsa kwa achichepere, monga ngati mbanje, heroin, cocaine, ndi crack, mtundu wina wa cocaine. Msungwana wina wa zaka 14 zakubadwa mu United States anati ponena za kusuta mbanje: “Iko sikulinso chinthu ‘chotchuka’ konse. Iko kuli pafupifupi mbali ya moyo wa munthu aliyense.”

Maiko otukuka kumene nawonso sanalithawe vutoli. Kuwona achichepere akusuta coca paste ndi zinthu zofanana ndi iyi nkofala m’maiko ambiri oterowo. Chotero Mlembi Wamkulu wa UN, Javier Pérez de Cuéllar anati vuto la kuloŵetsa m’dziko zinthu popanda lamulo ndi kugwiritsira molakwa mankhwala ogodomalitsa “likubweretsa chiwopsyezo chowononga mumbadwo wathu limodzi ndi yomwe ikudzayo mofanana ndi miliri imene inapululutsa mbali zambiri zadziko m’nyengo zoyambirira.”

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mankhwala alamulo, monga ngati zoledzeretsa ndi fodya, pakati pa achichepere nakonso kwachititsa akatswiri ambiri—ndi makolo—kudera nkhaŵa. UN Chronicle ikusimba kuti: “M’zaka 30 kufika ku 40 zapitazo, mogwirizana ndi WHO [World Health Organization], maperesenti owonjezereka a ana ndi achichepere ayambapo kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa; kuchuluka ndi kubwerezabwereza kwa kamwedwe kwawonjezeka; ndipo msinkhu umene kumwaku kukuyambidwira ngwaung’ono kwabasi.”

Ndizowona kuti, ndi achichepere ochepa okha amene ali ochita tondovi kapena kudziloŵetsa m’mkhalidwe wa kudziwononga. Komabe, kulingalira kwapadziko lonse, kumafikirabe ku mamiliyoni ambiri amene ali ndi mavuto owopsya. Monga mmene tidzawonera chotsatira, achichepere lerolino akuvumbulutsidwa ku kupsyinjika ndi zotsendereza zomwe ziri zapadera m’nthaŵi zomwe tikukhalamo ndi moyo.

[Mawu a M’munsi]