Akazi—Kodi Amapatsidwa Ulemu Lerolino?
KODI funso limeneli liyenera kufunsidwiranji? angatero amuna ena odabwa. Koma pamene tipenda mmene akazi akhala akuchitiridwira m’mbiri yonse, ndi m’nthaŵi yamakono padziko lonse, mafunso wamba angapo akhoza kutithandiza kuwona yankho.
M’maunansi aumunthu, kodi ndani kwakukulukulu amene akhala otsenderezedwa ndipo ndani akhala otsendereza? Kodi ndani kwakukulukulu akhala akumenyedwa muukwati? Amuna kapena akazi? Kodi ndani amene agwiriridwa chigololo m’nthaŵi za mtendere ndi m’nthaŵi zankhondo? Kodi ndani kwakukulukulu achitiridwa nkhanza yakugonedwa paubwana? Anyamata kapena Asungwana? Kodi ndani amene kaŵirikaŵiri aponderezedwa ndi malamulo opangidwa ndi anthu akuti akazi ali nzika zachiŵiri kwa amuna? Kodi ndani amene amanidwa kuyenera kwakuchita voti? Anyamata kapena asungwana? Kodi ndani amene amakhala ndi mwaŵi wochepa wakuphunzira? Amuna kapena akazi?
Mafunso akhoza kupitirizabe, koma maumboni amasonyeza mmene mkhalidwe weniweni uliri. M’bukhu lake lakuti May You Be the Mother of a Hundred Sons, Elisabeth Bumiller akulemba, molingana ndi zokumana nazo zake mu Indiya kuti: “Mkazi ‘weniweni’ wa ku Indiya, amene amaimira pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya akazi ndi ana aakazi mamiliyoni mazana anayi mu Indiya, amakhala kumidzi. . . . Iwo sadziŵa kulemba kapena kuŵerenga, ngakhale kuti angakonde kutero, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri sanayendepo ulendo woposa makilomita makumi atatu kuchokera pamalo amene anabadwira.” Kusaphunzira kwa akazi kwakukulu koteroko sikuli vuto la Indiya yekha koma kuzungulira dziko lonse.
M’Japani, mofanana ndi m’maiko ena ambiri, kusiyana koteroko kukadalipo. Malinga nkunena kwa The Asahi Yearbook, ya 1991, chiŵerengero cha ophunzira achimuna ochita makosi azaka zinayi payunivesiti ndi 1,460,000 pamene akazi ali 600,000. Mosakaikira konse, akazi kuzungulira padziko lonse akhoza kudzinenera okha za kumanidwa kwawo mwaŵi wamaphunziro. Iwo anafunikira kuyang’anizana ndi kaimidwe kamaganizo kakuti ‘maphunziro ali a anyamata.’
M’bukhu lake laposachedwapa lakuti Backlash—The Undeclared War Against American Women, Susan Faludi anafunsa mafunso oyenera ponena za mkhalidwe wa akazi mu United States. “Ngati akazi a ku Amereka ali olingana ndi amuna, kodi nchifukwa ninji amapanga zigawo ziŵiri mwa zitatu za akulu onse osauka? . . . Kodi nchifukwa ninji iwo, mosafanana ndi amuna, ali ndi kuthekera kwambiri kwa kukhala m’nyumba zachabechabe ndi kusapatsidwa inshuwalansi ya thanzi, ndipo ali ndi kuthekera koŵirikizika kaŵiri kwa kusalandira penshoni kuposa amuna?”
Akazi ndiwo akhala akuvutika koposa. Ndiwo akhala mikhole yaikulu ya kululuzidwa, kunyozedwa, kuukiridwa m’zakugonana, ndi kusapatsidwa ulemu ndi amuna. Kuchitiridwa nkhalwe kumeneku sikuli m’maiko otchedwa osatukuka okha. Komiti Yachiweruzo ya Senate ya ku United States posachedwapa inakonza lipoti lonena za chiwawa chochitira akazi. Linavumbula zochitika zochititsa kakasi. “M’mpindi 6 zirizonse, mkazi amagwiriridwa chigololo; m’timphindi 15 tiritonse, mkazi amamenyedwa. . . . Palibe mkazi amene sakukhudzidwa ndi upandu wachiwawa m’dziko lino. Mwa akazi Achimereka ali ndi moyo lerolino, atatu mwa anayi adzachitiridwa upandu wachiwawa wokwanira.” M’chaka chimodzi kuyambira pa akazi mamiliyoni atatu mpaka anayi anachitiridwa nkhalwe ndi amuna awo. Mkhalidwe wochititsa chisoni umenewu ndiwo unachititsa kupangidwa kwa Lamulo Loletsa Kuchitira Akazi Chiwawa la 1990.—Senate Report, The Violence Against Women Act of 1990.
Tiyeni tsopano tipende ina ya mikhalidwe mu imene akazi apirira nkhalwe za amuna padziko lonse. Ndiyeno, m’nkhani ziŵiri zomalizira za mpambo uno, tidzafotokoza mmene amuna ndi akazi angapatsirane ulemu m’mbali zonse za moyo.