Maiko Osauka Akhala Kotayira Zinyalala Olemera

MOFANANA ndi mwana wamasiye amene sakufunidwa, mitokoma yapoizoni inasamutsidwira m’ngalaŵa zosiyanasiyana ndi kumadoko osiyanasiyana pofunafuna malo oitayirako. Madiramu zikwi khumi ndi chimodzi odzala maliroliro apoizoni, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi mankhwala ena owopsa anasamutsidwa kuchoka ku Djibouti, Afirika, kumka ku Venezuela ku Syria ndi ku Greece. Potsirizira pake madiramu ochuchawo anayamba kuyambukira moipa oyendetsa ina ya ngalaŵazo. Munthu mmodzi anafa, ndipo ambiri a iwo anadwala matenda a mbuko, impso, ndi chifuŵa chifukwa cha mankhwala apoizoni amene anali m’ngalaŵazo.

Ngalaŵa, malole, ndi sitima zapamtunda zodzala zinyalala zakupha zonga zimenezo zikuyenda uku ndi uku papulaneti lino kufunafuna malo otayirako zinyalalazo. Kaŵirikaŵiri maiko omwe asakazidwa kale ndi umphaŵi, njala, ndi matenda amakhala kotayira poizoni ndi zinyalala zapoizoni matani ambirimbiri. Akatswiri osamala za malo okhala akuwopa kuti m’kupita kwa nthaŵi kudzagwa tsoka lowononga zamoyo ndi malo awo okhala.

Mwina penti yotha ntchito, mankhwala osungunulira zinthu, matayala, mabatiri, zotayidwa zanyukiliya, zotsalira zonga phala za mtovu ndi PCB, sizingakukopeni, koma nzokopa m’malonda omakula a maindasitale ogulitsa zotayidwa. Chodabwitsa nchakuti, ngati boma lili ndi malamulo oletsa kwambiri osamala za malo okhala, maindasitale ake amakataya zotha ntchito zake zambiri zapoizonizo kumaiko akunja. “Pafupifupi mankhwala apoizoni okwana matani 20 miliyoni amatengedwa pangalaŵa kukatayidwa ku Maiko Omatukuka” ndi makampani “osaona mtima” a kumaiko a maindasitale otukuka, anatero magazini a mlungu ndi mlungu a ku London otchedwa The Observer. Kulephera kusungitsa malamulo ndi kuwakhwimitsa kumachititsa matani zikwi zambiri za zinyalala zapoizoni kutayidwa m’maiko a mu Afirika, Asia, ndi Latin-America.

Nchifukwa chake makampani ameneŵa amanyengeka kuti azitayira zinthu zotha ntchitozi m’maiko omatukuka! Ngati agwiritsira ntchito malo oyenera akhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri mtengo wake. Mwachitsanzo tatengani ngalaŵa ya apaulendo oona malo yotchedwa United States, imene nthaŵi ina inali yotchuka pa ngalaŵa zonyamula anthu za America. Iyo inagulidwa mu 1992 kuti ikonzedwe kukhala ngalaŵa ya apaulendo oona malo ya amponda matiki. Mwachionekere inali ndi asibesitasi yochuluka kwambiri kuposa ngalaŵa ina iliyonse. Kuchotsera asibesitasi ku United States kukanawonongetsa ndalama $100 miliyoni. Ngalaŵayo anaikokera ku Turkey, kumene ikanakonzedwa pamtengo wa $2 miliyoni. Koma boma la Turkey linakana—kunali kowopsa kwambiri kulola kuti asibesitasi yowopsa kwambiri yochititsa kansayo yokwana masikweya mita (square meter) 46,000 ichotsedwere m’dziko lake. Ngalaŵayo potsirizira pake anaikokeranso ku doko la dziko lina, kumene malamulo osamala za malo okhala ali osakhwima kwenikweni.

Kupanganso Zinthu Zina Kwakupha

Amalonda akumadzulo omwe ali m’maiko omatukuka amakonda kuganiza kuti akuthandiza osauka. Harvey Alter wa Chamber of Commerce ya United States akuumirira kunena kuti “indasitale yogulitsa zinyalala kunja ndi kuzipangiranso zinthu zina imatukula umoyo m’maiko ameneŵa.” Koma kupenda zochita za makampaniwo kumaiko akunja kunasonyeza kuti nthaŵi zambiri, m’malo mwa kutukula umoyo, makampani ameneŵa “amakonda kulipira anthu malipiro a m’maikowo, akumaipitsa malo okhala ndi kugulitsa zinthu zimene nthaŵi zina zili zangozi ndipo amatero mwachinyengo.”

Papa John Paul II anasonyezanso nkhaŵa yake pamsonkhano waposachedwapa wonena za kuipitsa m’maiko omatukuka. Papayo anati: “Ndi kulakwa kwambiri pamene maiko olemera apindula pa kugwa kwa chuma ndi malamulo osakhwima a maiko osauka mwa kuwagulitsa zinthu zoipa ndi zotayidwa zimene zimawononga malo okhala ndi thanzi la anthu.”

Chitsanzo chabwino pa zimenezi chikupezeka kummwera kwa Afirika, kumene kuli indasitale yaikulu koposa padziko lonse yosintha zotayidwa za mercury kupanga zinthu zina. Pankhani imene inatchedwa “ina ya mbiri zoipitsitsa za kuipitsa m’kontinentiyo,” zotayidwa zapoizonizo zinapha wantchito mmodzi, wina anakomoka, ndipo limodzi la magawo atatu a antchito akudwala mosiyanasiyana chifukwa choloŵedwa ndi mercury. Maboma ena m’maiko a maindasitale otukuka amaletsa kutaya zinthu zotha ntchito zina za mercury kapena amaika malamulo okhwima kwambiri. Ngalaŵa za makampani m’maiko angapo ameneŵa zimapititsa katundu wowopsawo kumagombe a Afirika. Kagulu kofufuza kena kanapeza madiramu 10,000 a zotayidwa za mercury za makampani atatu akunja zosungidwa pafakitale ina.

Kutumiza zinthu zotha ntchito ku maiko omatukuka kuti akazipangirenso zinthu zina kumamveka kukhala kwabwino kuposa kutayirako zinthu zotha ntchitozo. Angapangire katundu wabwino, anthu angapeze ntchito, ndi kubweretsa chuma. Koma monga momwe lipoti lochokera kummwera kwa Afirikalo likusonyezera, pangakhalenso zotulukapo zatsoka. Kupanganso katundu wofunika kuchokera ku zinthu zimenezi kungatulutse mankhwala akupha amene amaipitsa malo ndi kudzetsa matenda ndi imfa nthaŵi zina kwa antchitowo. Magazini a New Scientist akuti: “Nzosakayikitsa kuti kupanganso zinthu zina kuchokera ku zotayidwazo nthaŵi zina kumagwiritsiridwa ntchito monga njira yotayira zinthu zotha ntchito.”

Njira imene amagwiritsira ntchito ikufotokozedwa ndi US News & World Report: “Maina abodza, kusakhwima kwa malamulo ndi kusoŵa akatswiri kumachititsa maiko omatukuka kukhala chandamale chosavuta cha amalonda ankhanza ogulitsa ndowe za m’masuweji zapoizoni monga ‘manyowa’ kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo otha ntchito monga ‘othandizira ulimi.’”

Maquiladoras, kapena mafakitale akunja, achuluka ku Mexico. Cholinga chachikulu cha makampani akunja ndicho kuzemba malamulo okhwima a kuipitsa ndiyeno kupindula pa antchito ochuluka amene amawalipira ndalama zochepa. Amekisiko zikwi makumi ambiri amakhala m’zithando zapafupi ndi ngalande za madzi oipa. “Ngakhale mbuzi sizingamwe madzi amenewo,” anatero mkazi wina. Lipoti lina la American Medical Association linatcha dera la kumalire kwake “chithaphwi chenicheni ndi malo amene matenda oyambukira amabukiramo.”

Si Tizilombo Tokha Tomwe Tikufa

“Kodi dziko lingaletse motani poizoni kwawo komano nkuipanga ndi kuigulitsa ku maiko ena? Kodi ubwino wake wa zimenezi uli pati?” anafunsa motero Arif Jamal, katswiri wa zaulimi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo wa ku Khartoum. Anasonyeza zithunzithunzi za madiramu odindidwa kuti: “Zosayenera kugwiritsiridwa ntchito”—amene anachokera ku dziko la maindasitale otukuka. Anapezeka m’nkhalango ya nyama ku Sudan. Pafupi potero panali zinyama zakufa ngundangunda.

Dziko lina lolemera “limagulitsa kunja mankhwala ophera tizilombo amene ali oletsedwa okwana pafupifupi makilogalamu 227 miliyoni pachaka, okhala ndi ziletso zina kapena osayenera kugwiritsiridwa ntchito panyumba,” ikutero The New York Times. Heptachlor, wachibale wina wa DDT wochititsa kansa, analetsedwa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito pa zakudya zomera mu 1978. Koma kampani ya mankhwala imene inawatulukira ikupitirizabe kuwapanga.

Ofufuza a United Nations anapeza “mankhwala ophera tizilombo apoizoni wowopsa kwambiri” ochuluka m’maiko omatukuka osachepera 85. Pafupifupi anthu miliyoni imodzi amadwala kwambiri chifukwa cha poizoni chaka chilichonse, ndipo mwinamwake 20,000 amafa ndi mankhwala.

Malonda a fodya angatchedwe chitsanzo cha umbombo wakupha. Nkhani ya mu Scientific American yakuti “Mliri wa Fodya Padziko Lonse” ikuti: “Kuchuluka kwa matenda ndi imfa zochititsidwa ndi fodya padziko lonse nkwakukuludi.” Avareji ya msinkhu wa oyamba kusuta ikukulirakulira, ndipo akazi osuta fodya akuchuluka kwambiri. Makampani aakulu a fodya momvana ndi osatsa malonda ongwala akugonjetsa misika yaikulu ya maiko omatukuka. Njira yawo yowalemeretsa yadzala mitembo ndi anthu odwala okhaokha.a

Komabe, tiyenera kutchula kuti si makampani onse omwe sakulingalira za ubwino wa maiko omatukuka. Pali makampani ena amene akuyesa kuchita malonda awo mwa chilungamo ndi mosamala m’maiko omatukuka. Mwachitsanzo, kampani ina imapatsa penshoni ndi malipiro a umoyo ndipo imalipira antchito ake malipiro kuŵirikiza katatu kuposa pa mlingo wofunika. Kampani ina yatenga kaimidwe kolimba kuchirikiza zoyenera za munthu ndipo yathetsa mapangano ochuluka ndi maiko ena chifukwa cha kupondereza kwawo anthu.

Kubwevuka Kwachinyengo

Mu 1989 maiko omwe ali mamembala a United Nations anasainirana pangano ku Basel, Switzerland, loyang’anira kayendedwe ka zotayidwa zowopsa pakati pa maiko. Ilo linalephera kuthetsa vutolo, ndipo New Scientist inasimba za msonkhano wina wa maikowo, umene unachitika m’March 1994, kuti:

“Chifukwa cha kukwiya pazifukwa zabwino kwa maiko omatukuka, maiko 65 osainirana pangano la Basel Convention anatenga njira ina yofunika pamene anagamula kukulitsa panganolo mwa kuletsa kugulitsa kunja zotayidwa zowopsa zochokera kumaiko a OECD [Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development] kupita kwa osakhala a OECD.”

Koma zikuoneka kuti maiko otukuka sanakondwere ndi chigamulo chatsopano chimenechi. New Scientist inatchula nkhaŵa yake kuti: “Chotero mbiri yakuti US, Britain, Germany ndi Australia akuyesa kulepheretsa chigamulocho njosokoneza maganizo kwambiri. Zikalata zimene ena anazembetsa kutulutsa m’boma la US zikusonyeza zoyesayesa zake ‘zakachetechete’ ndi maiko enawo za ‘kusintha’ chiletsocho lisanavomereze panganolo.”

Tsiku la Kuŵerengera Mlandu wa Aumbombo

“Ino, amuna inu okhuphuka, ndiyo nthaŵi yakuti mulire ndi kubuula chifukwa cha masoka omwe adzadza pa inu!” limachenjeza motero Baibulo pa Yakobo 5:1. (The New Testament in Modern English, yolembedwa ndi J. B. Phillips) Kuŵerengera mlanduko kudzachitidwa ndi munthu amene akhoza kukonza zinthu: “Yehova achitira onse osautsidwa chilungamo ndi chiweruzo.”—Salmo 103:6.

Amene ali mu umphaŵi wosautsa tsopano angakhazike mtima pansi, podziŵa kuti posachedwapa mawu a Salmo 72:12, 13 adzakwaniritsidwa: “Adzapulumutsa waumphaŵi wofuulayo; ndi wozunzika amene alibe mthandizi. Adzachitira [chi]soni wosauka ndi waumphaŵi, nadzapulumutsa moyo wa aumphaŵi.”

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi patsamba 6]

Zotayidwa Zakupha zimene Zikukana Kuchoka

“Zinyalala Zakupha za Nyukiliya Ziunjikana Popanda Njira Yodziŵika Bwino Yozichotsera Pakali Pano.” Ndiwo unali mutu wa nkhani ina padanga la nkhani za sayansi la The New York Times ya March wapita. “Njira yosavuta,” nkhaniyo inatero, “ndiyo kuzikwirira. Koma tsopano zimenezo akuzitsutsa pamene asayansi akukambitsirana, ndi pamene mabungwe ena a Boma akufufuza, ngati dzala limene akulilingalira kukumbira pansi ku Nevada silingaphulike potsirizira pake monga bomba la nyukiliya chifukwa cha kutayiramo plutonium.”

Asayansi apereka njira zambiri zochotsera padziko plutonium wotsala, koma mtengo wake, mikangano, ndi mantha zalepheretsa njirazo. Lingaliro limene ambiri amalida ndilo la kuikwirira m’nyanja. Njira ina yongoganizira ndiyo ya kuiphulitsira ku dzuŵa. Njira inanso ndiyo ya kuitentha mwa kugwiritsira ntchito makina otulutsa magetsi a nyukiliya. Koma imeneyi anaikana, chifukwa “kungatenge zaka mazana ambiri ngakhale zikwi zambiri” kuchita zimenezi.

Dr. Makhijani wa pa Institute for Energy and Environmental Research anati: “Njira yabwino iliyonse ya asayansi ili ndi mbali zoipa kwa andale, ndipo njira yabwino iliyonse ya andale imakhala yachabe kwa asayansi. Palibe amene ali ndi njira yabwino kwa onse yochotsera zinyalala zimenezi, ngakhale ife tilibe.”

Kuti apereke magetsi kunyumba 60 miliyoni—20 peresenti ya magetsi a dzikolo—makina 107 otulutsa magetsi m’nyumba za magetsi a nyukiliya mu United States amatulutsa zotsala zake zotha ntchito matani 2,000 pachaka, ndipo chiyambire 1957 zotsala zake zotha ntchitozo zasungidwa pa nyumba za magetsi a nyukiliya monga poyembekezera chabe. Kwa zaka makumi ambiri anthu ayembekeza mosaphula kanthu kuti boma lipeze njira yozitayira. Pakhala mapulezidenti asanu ndi anayi, ndipo Nyumba za Aphungu 18 zapereka njira ndi masiku opezera malo osungika osungirako zinyalala za nyukiliya pansi, koma kutaya kwenikweni zinthu zotha ntchitozo zakuphazo zimene ziyenera kutetezeredwa zaka zikwi zambiri sikunachitikebe.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, ng’anjo za nyukiliya mamiliyoni zikwizikwi zimene Yehova Mulungu amayang’anira m’nyenyezi zakutali kwambiri m’chilengedwe si zowopsa, ndipo imene amayang’anira m’dzuŵa lathu imatheketsa kukhalapo kwa moyo pa dziko lapansi.

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

UNITED NATIONS/IAEA

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

Mankhwala apoizoni amaipitsa madzi akumwa ndi osamba

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

Ana akuseŵera pa zotayidwa zowopsa kapena zakupha