Nyama za Kuthengo Zimene Zikuzimiririka Padziko Lapansi
YOLEMBEDWA NDI MTOLANKHANI WA GALAMUKANI! KU AUSTRALIA
KODI simumachita chidwi kuona ndi kumva nyama zamoyo za kuthengo—mnjuzi, namgumi, kapena nyani wamkulu wotchedwa gorilla? Kuyang’anira koala? Kumva dziko likulilima chifukwa cha mdidi wa ziboda za nyama zambirimbiri zimene zikusamuka zophimba dziko lonselo mpaka pothera maso? Komabe, nzachisoni kuti anthu ambiri mwina sadzaonapo zinthu zosangalatsa ngati zimenezo—kusiyapo ngati angaziyese kuti nchimodzimodzi nzimene amaona m’myuziyamu, m’mabuku, ndi pakompyuta. Kodi zakhaliranji choncho?
Zakhala choncho chifukwa pamene mukuŵerenga nkhani inoyi, anthu akusolotsa zomera ndi nyama zikwizikwi kosaleka. Dr. Edward O. Wilson, katswiri wa zamoyo pa Yunivesite ya Harvard, akunena kuti mitundu ya nyama ngati 27,000 ikusoloka pachaka, kapena kuti itatu pa ola limodzi. Ngati zipitiriza choncho, ndiye kuti mitundu ya nyama yokwanira 20 peresenti ya dziko lapansi ingasoloke pazaka 30. Koma chiŵerengero cha nyama zosoloka sichikhala chimodzimodzi; chimakula. Akatswiri akhulupirira kuti kuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana likudzalo, mitundu ya nyama mazanamazana idzasoloka tsiku lililonse!
Chipembere wakuda wa mu Afirika ali pafupi kusoloka. Pazaka zosakwana 20, chiŵerengero chake chinatsika kuchoka pa 65,000 kufika pa 2,500 chifukwa cha opha nyama osaloledwa ndi lamulo. Anyani otchedwa orangutan osakwana 5,000 ndiwo atsala m’nkhalango zomazimiririka za ku Borneo ndi Sumatra. Tsoka limenelo lagweranso m’madzi a dziko lapansi. Yemwe tsoka limenelo lakhudzanso ndi mtundu wina wa namgumi wokongola wotchedwa baiji dolphin wa m’mtsinje wa Yangtze ku China. Kuipitsa madzi ndi kusodza kosasankha kwangosiya anamgumi zana limodzi basi, ndipo iwo onse angafe pazaka khumi.
“Asayansi a maphunziro osiyanasiyana samamvana pazinthu zambiri,” akutero Linda Koebner m’buku lakuti Zoo Book, “koma akamalankhula za changu chofunika kuti apulumutse mitundu ya zomera ndi zamoyo kuti pulaneti likhale nazo zokwanira, amalankhula chimodzimodzi kuti: Zaka makumi asanu zikudzazo nzofunika kwambiri.”
Kodi Ali ndi Mlandu Ndani?
Kuchuluka kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu kwafulumiza kusoloka kwa nyama, koma si kuchulukitsa kwa anthu kokha komwe kuli ndi mlandu. Zolengedwa zambiri—nkhunda yosamukasamuka, mbalame yosauluka yotchedwa moa, mbalame yosauluka yotchedwa great auk, ndi mmbulu wotchedwa thylacine, kungotchula zoŵerengeka chabe—zinawonongedwa kale kwambiri chiŵerengero cha anthu chisanafike poti nkuika zamoyo zina pangozi. Dr. J. D. Kelly, mkulu wa Zoological Parks Board of New South Wales, Australia, akusimba za mbiri ya dzikolo kuti: “Dzikoli limachita manyazi chifukwa chotaya zomera ndi zamoyo zamitundumitundu kuchokera pamene atsamunda anafika mu 1788.” Zimene wanenazi nzoona ngakhale m’maiko ena ambiri. Zikusonyezanso kuti pali zinthu zina zoipa zimene zimasolotsa nyama—umbuli ndi umbombo.
Chifukwa cha vuto la padziko lonse la kusoloka kwa nyama, pakhala mthandizi watsopano wosayembekezereka amene waima kumbali ya nyama zili pangozi—malo osungiramo nyama. Pokhala akuwonjezeka, malo ameneŵa okhala m’mizinda ndiwo malo othera obisalako nyama zambiri. Koma malo osungiramo nyamawo saali aakulu kwambiri, ndipo nyama za kuthengo zimawononga ndalama zambiri ndipo nzovuta kusunga. Palinso nkhani yakuti kaya kuzitsekera kuli koyenera, ngakhale kuti amazisunga bwino. Ndiponso, mmenemo zimadalira kwambiri ndalama zoperekedwa ndi anthu ndiponso mkhalidwe wa ndale ndi zachuma, zinthu zosakhazikika. Chotero kodi nyama zimenezi zimene zabisala m’malo ozisungiramowo kuchoka m’thengo nzosungikadi?
[Bokosi patsamba 3]
Kodi Nzachibadwa Nyama Kumasoloka?
“Kodi sikuti nyama anazilenga kuti zizisoloka? Yankho lake nlakuti ayi, osati malinga ndi mmene kusolokako kwakulira posachedwapa. Pambali yaikulu ya zaka zapita 300 mtundu umodzi ndiwo unkasoloka pachaka. Koma lero anthu akusolotsa mitundu ya nyama zikwi zambiri kuposa pamenepo. . . . Zimene zachititsa chiŵerengero cha nyama zosoloka kuwonjezeka mofulumira chonchi ndi zochita za munthu.”—The New York Public Library Desk Reference.
“Ndachita nazo chidwi zolengedwa zambiri zachilendo zimene zazimiririka, ndipo ndachita chisoni, nthaŵi zambiri ndakwiya chifukwa cha kusoloka kwake. Munthu, mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina, ndiye wasolotsa nyama zambiri zimenezi, kusiyapo zoŵerengeka chabe, chifukwa cha umbombo kapena nkhanza yake, kusasamala kapena mphwayi yake.”—David Day, The Doomsday Book of Animals.
“Zochita za munthu zikusolotsa mitundu ya nyama imene isanalembedwebe kuti iliko.”—Biological Conservation.