Chipembedzo​—Kodi Nchifukwa Ninji Pali Kusoŵeka kwa Chikondwerero?

“MUNTHU wopanda chipembedzo ngofanana ndi nyumba yopanda mazenera.” Mmenemo ndimmene mwamuna wa ku Japan analongosolera mwana wake, Mitsuo, kufunika kwa chidziŵitso chachipembedzo. Komabe, Mitsuo sanawasamalire kwenikweni mawu a bambo ake. Ndipo chiŵerengero chomawonjezereka cha anthu m’Japan, mofanana ndi kwina kulikonse, akuwoneka kulingalira mofananamo. Iwo ngokhutira kukhala ‘nyumba zopanda mazenera’ okhala ndi chikondwerero chochepa m’kulola kuwala kwachipembedzo kuwunikira m’miyoyo yawo.

Chotero, pamene Japan inapanga kufufuza kwa National Character Study, 69 peresenti ya nzika zake anati sanadzilingalire kukhala opembedza. Pakati pa achichepere, chiŵerengerocho chinali chachikulu kwenikweni. Mofananamo, m’dziko Lachibuda la Thailand lomwe panthaŵi ina linali lopembedza kwambiri, 75 peresenti ya anthu okhala m’madera amatauni samapitanso ku akachisi Achibuda. Ku Mangalande pafupifupi mmodzi mwa asanu ndi atatu a matchalitchi a Angilikani atsekedwa m’zaka 30 zapitazi chifukwa chosagwiritsiridwa ntchito.

Komabe, m’Japan zikhoterero zachipembedzo zidakawonekerabe kwambiri. Koma mofanana ndi mbale zadothi zamtengo kwambiri, izo zimatulutsidwa mwa kamodzikamodzi m’zochika zapadera zokha​—monga ngati paukwati ndi pamaliro. Chipembedzo chimalingaliridwa kukhala chofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha mbali yake m’kusungitsa mwambo wakumaloko ndi choloŵa cha banja osati kwenikweni chifukwa cha chidziŵitso chauzimu. Ambiri amachilingalira chipembedzo kukhala kokha chotonthoza ofooka ndi ovutitsidwa; iwo amalephera kuwona mapindu ena enieni opezedwa mu icho. ‘Chipembedzo nchabwino ngati uli nayo nthaŵi kaamba ka icho kapena kuwona kufunika kwake,’ ena amatero, ‘koma muyenera kudzidalira nokha kupeza zofunikira pamoyo ndi kulipira ngongole.’

Kodi nchiyani chomwe chikupangitsa mphwayi imeneyi? Pangaperekedwe zifukwa zambiri. Choyamba, pali malo otizinga a mayanjano. Achichepere ambiri alandira maphunziro ochepa achipembedzo kapena sanawalandire konse. Pamenepo, nzosadabwitsa kuti ambiri a awo amene amakhala m’chitaganya chomwe chimagogomezera mapindu aakulu m’kulondola zinthu zakuthupi amakula kukhala achikulire okondetsa zinthu zakuthupi.

M’maiko ena mkhalidwe wochititsa manyazi wa alengezi aumbombo ndi achisembwere a pa TV ndi atsogoleri ena otchuka achipembedzo wapangitsanso anthu kupatuka pa chipembedzo, monga momwe kudziloŵetsa m’zochitika zandale ndi nkhondo kwachipembedzo kwapangira. Izi zafotokozedwa mwafanizo ndi zimene zinachitikira chipembedzo cha Shinto m’Japan. “Popeza nkhondo [Nkhondo Yadziko ya II] inatha mwa kuŵagonjetsa mu August 1945, tiakachisi ta Chishinto tinayang’anizana ndi vuto lalikulu,” ikunena motero Encyclopædia of the Japanese Religions. Chishinto, chimene chinayambitsa nkhondoyo ndikulonjeza chilakiko, chinagwiritsa mwala anthu. Nthanthi yakuti kulibe Mulungu kapena Buddha inafalikira mofulumira.

Komabe, kodi tiyenera kukhutira ndi malingaliro adyera, osafika patali​—a panopo ndi tsopano lino? Anthu ambiri ali ndi malingaliro ofuna kudziŵa zinthu. Iwo angakonde kudziŵa kumene anachokera, kumene akupita, chifukwa chimene amakhalira ndi moyo, ndi mmene angakhalire ndi moyo. Iwo amakondwera ndi chiyembekezo. Kunyalanyaza mafunso onena za moyo, kapena kuwapondereza ndi lingaliro lakuti “zinthu zimenezi sizingadziŵike,” nkosakhutiritsa. Ngakhale munthu wosakhulupirira Mulungu wotchedwa Bertrand Russell analankhula za kukhala ndi “chikhumbo chovutitsa chofuna kudziŵa​—kufunafuna kaamba ka chinachake choposa chimene dziko liri nacho.” Chipembedzo chowona chingathetse kufunafuna kumeneko. Koma motani? Kodi pali umboni wotani wakuti chipembedzo chirichonse chiyenera kutengedwa mosamalitsa chotero?