Kodi Zithumwa za Mwaŵi Zingakutetezereni?

KRUSTALO wonyamulidwa m’thumba la mwamuna wa ku Brazil. Khobiri lamwaŵi la wothamanga wa ku Amereka. Mtanda wa Brigid Woyera wolenjekeka pakama m’nyumba ya banja la ku Ireland. Anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amagwiritsira ntchito zinthu zoterozo monga zithumwa kapena njirisi za mwaŵi.a Amakhulupirira kuti kukhala ndi zithumwa zimenezi kungapitikitse tsoka ndi kuwabweretsera mwaŵi.

Mwachitsanzo, talingalirani za Brazil. Malinga nkunena kwa magazini a Veja, anthu ambiri a ku Brazil amanyamula “tizidutswa ta thanthwe ndi miyala yamtengo wake imene imanenedwa kuti ili ndi mphamvu ya kukokera mwaŵi ndi mphamvu zakuthupi zofunika kwa munthu amene ali nayo.” Powopa kukhumudwitsa mphamvu zamatsenga, anthu ena a m’dziko limenelo amaika chithunzi chachipembedzo kapena lemba pachipupa cha nyumba yawo. Ena amagwiritsira ntchito ngakhale Baibulo monga chithumwa chopatulika; amaliika pagome, lili lotsegulidwa nthaŵi zonse pa Salmo 91.

Kum’mwera kwa Afirika, muti, kapena mankhwala achikuda, amagwiritsiridwa ntchito mofananamo, osati kokha kaamba ka mphamvu zake zakuchiritsa, koma monga otetezera tsoka. Matenda, imfa, kusoŵa ndalama, ndipo ngakhale kukanidwa chibwenzi kaŵirikaŵiri zimalingaliridwa kuti zimachitika chifukwa cha kulodzedwa ndi adani kapena chifukwa cha kulephera kutonthoza mtima makolo akufa. Kaŵirikaŵiri muti umatengedwa kwa sing’anga, amene amasakaniza mbali zina za zomera, mitengo, kapena nyama. Komabe, mokondweretsa, muti sumapezeka kumidzi kokha; chizoloŵezicho nchofala m’mizinda ya ku South Africa. Anthu amalonda ndi omaliza maphunziro a ku yunivesite ali pakati pa amene amadalira muti.

Kufunafuna mwaŵi nkowandanso kumaiko a ku Ulaya. Buku lakuti Studies in Folklife Presented to Emyr Estyn Evans limatiuza kuti: “Kulibiretu tchalitchi kapena tauni mu Ireland mmene simungaone chitsulo choveka mapazi a kavalo chitamangiriridwa pazitseko kapena pamwamba pa zitseko za nyumba kapena malo ena.” Yomwenso ili yowanda kwambiri m’dzikolo ndimitanda ya mululu yolenjekeka pamakama ndi zitseko kuti ibweretse mwaŵi. Openda zinthu amanena kuti, kunja kokha, anthu ambiri a ku Ireland amaoneka ngati kuti samakhulupirira malaulo. Komatu, oŵerengeka ndiamene amawanyalanyaza kotheratu.

Kufunafuna Chitetezo

Kodi nchiyani chimene chimachititsa kukhulupirira malaulo koteroko kukhala kokopa? Mwachiwonekere kumakhutiritsa kufunika kwakukulu kwa chisungiko kumene anthu ali nako. Ndithudi, kodi ndiangati amene amadzimva kukhala osungika m’nyumba zawo, namaopa poyenda m’khwalala usiku? Wonjezerani pa zimenezo kuvuta kwa kakhalidwe ndi kusamalira ana. Inde, tikukhala m’nyengo imene Baibulo limaitcha “nthaŵi ya mavuto.” (2 Timoteo 3:1, The New English Bible) Chotero nkwachibadwa kuti anthu akhale ndi chikhumbo champhamvu cha chitetezo.

Zimenezi zingakhale choncho makamaka m’mafuko amene mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukhulupirira mizimu ndi matsenga ili yotchuka. Kuopa yolingaliridwa kukhala mizimu ya akufa kapena kukhala mkhole wa temberero la mdani kungachititse chitetezo cha chithumwa kapena njirisi kuwoneka kukhala chofunika koposa. Mulimonse mmene zingakhalire, The World Book Encyclopedia ikunena kuti: “Anthu ambiri ali ndi mantha amene amawachititsa kukhala opanda chisungiko. Kukhulupirira malaulo kumathandiza kulaka mantha amenewo mwakupereka chisungiko. Kumatsimikizira anthu kuti adzapeza zimene akufuna ndi kupeŵa mavuto.”

Mphamvu Yokayikitsa ya Njirisi

Chotero, njirisi, mazango ndi zithumwa za mitundu ndi mipangidwe yosiyanasiyana zimavalidwa, kunyamulidwa, ndi kusonyezedwa ndi anthu padziko lonse. Koma kodi nkwanzeru kukhulupirira kuti chithumwa chopangidwa ndi munthu chingapereke chitetezo chilichonse chenicheni? Zinthu zambiri zimene zimagwiritsiridwa ntchito monga zithumwa ndizinthu zamalonda zopangidwa muunyinji wawo. Kodi sizili zogomeka maganizo ndi nzeru kukhulupirira kuti chinthu chopangidwa m’fakitale chingakhale ndi mphamvu zamatsenga? Ndipo ngakhale mankhwala opangidwa ndi sing’anga wakumudzi ali kokha msanganizo wa zinthu wamba​—mitsitsi, zitsamba, ndi zina zotero. Kodi nchifukwa ninji msanganizo woterowo ungakhale ndi mphamvu zamatsenga? Ndiponso, kodi pali umboni weniweni uliwonse wakuti anthu amene amagwiritsira ntchito njirisi amakhala ndi moyo wautali​—kapena kuti amakhala achimwemwe kwambiri​—kuposa amene samazigwiritsira ntchito? Kodi anthu amene amapanga zithumwa zamatsenga zimenezo iwo eniwo samadwala ndi kufa?

M’malo mopatsa anthu chitetezo chenicheni ndi mphamvu ya kulamulira miyoyo yawo, kugwiritsira ntchito njirisi ndi zithumwa zamatsenga m’chenicheni kumalefula anthu kuti asachite mwaluntha ndi mavuto awo ndi kuwalimbikitsa kuona mwaŵi monga mankhwala a zovuta zonse. Kukhulupirira mphamvu ya njirisi kungapatsenso wozigwiritsirayo chisungiko chonyenga. Munthu woledzera anganene kuti kuganiza kwake kwachibadwa ndi khalidwe lake sizinasokonezedwe, koma ngati ayesa kuyendetsa galimoto, iye akhoza kudzivulaza yekha kapena kuvulaza ena. Mofananamo munthu amene amaika chidaliro chake m’mphamvu ya njirisi angakhale akudzivulaza yekha. Pokhala wokhutira ndi chinyengo cha kukhala wotetezeredwa, iye angayedzamire kutenga njira zaupandu kapena kupanga zosankha zopanda nzeru.

Kukhulupirira mphamvu ya njirisi kumaperekanso maupandu ena aakulu amene ali obisika kwa mamiliyoni amene amazigwiritsira ntchito. Kodi maupandu ameneŵa nchiyani, ndipo kodi pali njira ina iliyonse yoyenera yopeŵera chivulazo? Nkhani yotsatira idzayankha mafunso ameneŵa.

[Mawu a M’munsi]